近日，云(yun)南省(sheng)首個城(cheng)市(shi)熱(re)島(dao)效應(ying)監測站網在(zai)昆明主城(cheng)區(qu)建(jian)成并投入運(yun)用(yong)，這(zhe)不僅標志著昆明城(cheng)市(shi)熱(re)島(dao)效應(ying)強度評估研(yan)究工(gong)作正式啟動，還將為昆明市(shi)建(jian)設世(shi)界知(zhi)名旅游(you)城(cheng)市(shi)和(he)2017年創建(jian)國家生態(tai)園林城(cheng)市(shi)提供更(geng)全面的決(jue)策性依(yi)據。

　　城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)島現象(xiang)即(ji)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)和(he)郊區(qu)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度差異(yi)，是反映城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)環境質(zhi)量的(de)重要(yao)指標，也是昆(kun)明(ming)市(shi)(shi)2017年創建(jian)國(guo)家生態園林(lin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)重要(yao)指標。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)島效應的(de)重要(yao)特征是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)顯高(gao)于(yu)郊區(qu)。引(yin)起(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)島效應的(de)原因有(you)多方面，如(ru)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)人口(kou)密(mi)(mi)集、建(jian)筑密(mi)(mi)布、各種消耗(hao)能(neng)量的(de)設施不(bu)停地耗(hao)散大(da)(da)量的(de)熱(re)(re)能(neng)，高(gao)樓大(da)(da)廈林(lin)立，使城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)中的(de)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)、濕度及煙塵擴散與郊區(qu)截然不(bu)同，形成城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)特有(you)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)氣候，特別是氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)污染(ran)明(ming)顯高(gao)于(yu)郊區(qu)。

　　昆(kun)(kun)(kun)明市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)島(dao)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)監測站網建(jian)(jian)(jian)設按照“四創(chuang)兩(liang)爭(zheng)”的(de)總體要求，緊緊圍繞國家(jia)生(sheng)態(tai)園(yuan)林(lin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)島(dao)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)強(qiang)度(du)指標進(jin)行建(jian)(jian)(jian)設，更好地反映了國家(jia)園(yuan)林(lin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和國家(jia)生(sheng)態(tai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設的(de)最新(xin)成(cheng)果(guo)。昆(kun)(kun)(kun)明市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)島(dao)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)監測站網由昆(kun)(kun)(kun)明市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氣(qi)象局、昆(kun)(kun)(kun)明市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)辦和昆(kun)(kun)(kun)明市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)園(yuan)林(lin)綠化局共同出資，分別在昆(kun)(kun)(kun)明市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)牙塘公(gong)園(yuan)、圓(yuan)通山公(gong)園(yuan)和大觀(guan)公(gong)園(yuan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設3套自動氣(qi)象站，形(xing)成(cheng)昆(kun)(kun)(kun)明城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)島(dao)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)監測站網。觀(guan)測內容包括氣(qi)溫、降水、濕度(du)、風向、風速(su)等氣(qi)象要素。主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)島(dao)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)監測站網建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)后，昆(kun)(kun)(kun)明市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將進(jin)一步(bu)完善城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)島(dao)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)動態(tai)監測機制，按年度(du)發布城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)島(dao)監測公(gong)報(bao)，跟蹤(zong)研(yan)究昆(kun)(kun)(kun)明市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)島(dao)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)的(de)形(xing)成(cheng)機理和強(qiang)度(du)變化規律(lv)，推進(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)組(zu)團規劃設計、綠化隔離(li)帶設置(zhi)及生(sheng)態(tai)廊道建(jian)(jian)(jian)設，爭(zheng)取把昆(kun)(kun)(kun)明市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)島(dao)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)強(qiang)度(du)控制在2.5℃內。