環境保護部近(jin)日發布了2015年3月份(fen)及第(di)一季度京津冀(ji)、長三(san)角(jiao)、珠三(san)角(jiao)區(qu)域(yu)及直轄(xia)市(shi)(shi)、省會城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)和計劃單列市(shi)(shi)等74個城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)空氣質量(liang)狀況。其中(zhong)，京津冀(ji)區(qu)域(yu)3月重污染天數比例高于(yu)全(quan)國平均(jun)水平。

　　圖片來源(yuan)：東方IC

　　環(huan)境(jing)保護部近日發布了2015年3月份(fen)及(ji)第一季度京津冀、長三角(jiao)、珠三角(jiao)區域及(ji)直(zhi)轄市(shi)(shi)、省會城市(shi)(shi)和計(ji)劃(hua)單列(lie)市(shi)(shi)等(deng)74個(ge)城市(shi)(shi)空氣(qi)質(zhi)量狀況(kuang)。

　　環境(jing)保護部環境(jing)監測司司長羅毅(yi)介紹說，3月份(fen)，74個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市達標(biao)(biao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)71.1%，輕度污(wu)染(ran)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)為(wei)21.1%，中(zhong)度污(wu)染(ran)為(wei)5.5%，重(zhong)(zhong)度污(wu)染(ran)為(wei)1.8%，嚴重(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)染(ran)為(wei)0.5%。超(chao)標(biao)(biao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)中(zhong)以PM2.5為(wei)首要污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)的(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)最(zui)多，其次是PM10。惠州(zhou)、福(fu)州(zhou)和(he)廈門等13個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)達標(biao)(biao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)為(wei)100%，麗(li)水(shui)、佛山和(he)貴陽等18個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)達標(biao)(biao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)在80%～100%之(zhi)間，連云港(gang)、鎮江和(he)大連等27個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)達標(biao)(biao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)在50%～80%之(zhi)間，保定、鄭(zheng)(zheng)州(zhou)和(he)邢(xing)臺(tai)等16個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)達標(biao)(biao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)不(bu)足50%。與上(shang)年同期相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，74個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市平(ping)均(jun)達標(biao)(biao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)升(sheng)高(gao)8.8個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分(fen)點;與上(shang)月相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，74個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市平(ping)均(jun)達標(biao)(biao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)升(sheng)高(gao)11.2個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分(fen)點。3月份(fen)空(kong)(kong)氣質(zhi)量(liang)相(xiang)對較(jiao)(jiao)差的(de)前10位城(cheng)(cheng)市分(fen)別是保定、唐山、邢(xing)臺(tai)、鄭(zheng)(zheng)州(zhou)、石(shi)家莊(zhuang)、濟南、衡(heng)水(shui)、邯鄲、廊坊和(he)沈(shen)陽;空(kong)(kong)氣質(zhi)量(liang)相(xiang)對較(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)的(de)前10位城(cheng)(cheng)市分(fen)別是海口、拉薩、惠州(zhou)、舟山、珠海、廈門、深圳、臺(tai)州(zhou)、中(zhong)山和(he)東莞。

　　3月5日元(yuan)(yuan)宵節期(qi)間(jian)，受煙(yan)(yan)花爆(bao)竹(zhu)(zhu)集中燃(ran)放(fang)影(ying)響，5日夜(ye)間(jian)全(quan)(quan)國城市PM2.5小(xiao)時均值濃度(du)逐漸升(sheng)高，22時濃度(du)達到最(zui)高(72微克/立方米)。由(you)于各(ge)地采取(qu)禁限放(fang)、縮短銷售時間(jian)、加(jia)強(qiang)宣傳引導等措施，煙(yan)(yan)花爆(bao)竹(zhu)(zhu)燃(ran)放(fang)量(liang)明顯減(jian)(jian)少，與(yu)上年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)相比，今(jin)年(nian)元(yuan)(yuan)宵節夜(ye)間(jian)重度(du)及以上污染城市明顯減(jian)(jian)少，全(quan)(quan)國空氣(qi)質量(liang)受煙(yan)(yan)花爆(bao)竹(zhu)(zhu)燃(ran)放(fang)的影(ying)響降(jiang)低(di)。三大(da)(da)重點(dian)區域中，京(jing)津(jin)冀(ji)區域受到煙(yan)(yan)花爆(bao)竹(zhu)(zhu)集中燃(ran)放(fang)影(ying)響最(zui)大(da)(da)。與(yu)上年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)相比，由(you)于煙(yan)(yan)花爆(bao)竹(zhu)(zhu)燃(ran)放(fang)量(liang)減(jian)(jian)少，京(jing)津(jin)冀(ji)區域污染程(cheng)度(du)明顯減(jian)(jian)輕，顆粒(li)物峰值濃度(du)僅(jin)為2014年(nian)一半左(zuo)右。長三角和珠三角區域煙(yan)(yan)花爆(bao)竹(zhu)(zhu)燃(ran)放(fang)量(liang)明顯減(jian)(jian)少，空氣(qi)污染程(cheng)度(du)低(di)于全(quan)(quan)國平(ping)均水(shui)平(ping)，也(ye)低(di)于歷(li)史同(tong)期(qi)。

　　京(jing)(jing)津冀區域13個(ge)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空氣質(zhi)量達標(biao)(biao)天(tian)數(shu)比例(li)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)36.8%，低于74個(ge)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)達標(biao)(biao)天(tian)數(shu)比例(li)34.3個(ge)百(bai)分(fen)點(dian);平(ping)(ping)均(jun)超標(biao)(biao)天(tian)數(shu)比例(li)為(wei)63.2%，其中重(zhong)度污(wu)染(ran)天(tian)數(shu)比例(li)為(wei)6.9%，嚴重(zhong)污(wu)染(ran)天(tian)數(shu)比例(li)為(wei)1.2%，重(zhong)度及以上污(wu)染(ran)天(tian)數(shu)比例(li)高于74個(ge)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)5.8個(ge)百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)。與上年同期相比，京(jing)(jing)津冀區域13個(ge)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)達標(biao)(biao)天(tian)數(shu)比例(li)升高1.7個(ge)百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)，空氣質(zhi)量略有改善(shan)但污(wu)染(ran)依(yi)然較重(zhong)。與上月相比，京(jing)(jing)津冀區域13個(ge)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)達標(biao)(biao)天(tian)數(shu)比例(li)降低3.1個(ge)百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)。

　　長(chang)三角區(qu)域(yu)25個城(cheng)市空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)達(da)(da)(da)標(biao)(biao)天(tian)數(shu)(shu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均為78.7%，高(gao)于74個城(cheng)市平(ping)(ping)(ping)均達(da)(da)(da)標(biao)(biao)天(tian)數(shu)(shu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)7.6個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian);平(ping)(ping)(ping)均超標(biao)(biao)天(tian)數(shu)(shu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)為21.3%，其中重度污染(ran)天(tian)數(shu)(shu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)為0.4%，嚴重污染(ran)天(tian)數(shu)(shu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)為0.3%，重度及以上污染(ran)天(tian)數(shu)(shu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)低于74個城(cheng)市1.6個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)。與上年同期相比(bi)(bi)(bi)，長(chang)三角區(qu)域(yu)25個城(cheng)市平(ping)(ping)(ping)均達(da)(da)(da)標(biao)(biao)天(tian)數(shu)(shu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)升高(gao)13.4個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)，空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)有(you)所改善(shan)。與上月(yue)相比(bi)(bi)(bi)，長(chang)三角區(qu)域(yu)25個城(cheng)市平(ping)(ping)(ping)均達(da)(da)(da)標(biao)(biao)天(tian)數(shu)(shu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)升高(gao)13.4個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)，空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)有(you)所改善(shan)。

　　珠(zhu)三角(jiao)區(qu)域9個(ge)城市(shi)空(kong)氣(qi)質量(liang)達標天(tian)(tian)數比(bi)例平(ping)均(jun)為97.8%，高于74個(ge)城市(shi)平(ping)均(jun)達標天(tian)(tian)數比(bi)例26.7個(ge)百分(fen)點(dian);平(ping)均(jun)超標天(tian)(tian)數比(bi)例為2.2%，未出現(xian)重度及(ji)以上污染(ran)，重度及(ji)以上污染(ran)天(tian)(tian)數比(bi)例低于74個(ge)城市(shi)2.3個(ge)百分(fen)點(dian)。與(yu)上年同期相(xiang)比(bi)，珠(zhu)三角(jiao)區(qu)域9個(ge)城市(shi)平(ping)均(jun)達標天(tian)(tian)數比(bi)例升高10.4個(ge)百分(fen)點(dian)，空(kong)氣(qi)質量(liang)有所改(gai)善。與(yu)上月相(xiang)比(bi)，珠(zhu)三角(jiao)區(qu)域9個(ge)城市(shi)平(ping)均(jun)達標天(tian)(tian)數比(bi)例升高22.5個(ge)百分(fen)點(dian)，空(kong)氣(qi)質量(liang)有所改(gai)善。

　　羅毅說(shuo)，2015年第一季度(du)(du)，全(quan)國未連續出現影(ying)響范圍廣、持續時間長的(de)(de)(de)空氣重(zhong)污染過程(cheng)。74個城(cheng)(cheng)市達標(biao)(biao)(biao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)平(ping)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)59.7%，平(ping)均超標(biao)(biao)(biao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)40.3%，其中輕(qing)度(du)(du)污染天(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)23.3%，中度(du)(du)污染為(wei)(wei)(wei)9.4%，重(zhong)度(du)(du)污染為(wei)(wei)(wei)6.4%，嚴重(zhong)污染為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.2%。超標(biao)(biao)(biao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)中以PM2.5為(wei)(wei)(wei)首要污染物的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)最多，其次(ci)是PM10。惠州市的(de)(de)(de)達標(biao)(biao)(biao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)100%，拉薩、昆(kun)明(ming)和(he)(he)海口(kou)等(deng)13個城(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)(de)(de)達標(biao)(biao)(biao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)在80%～100%之間，廣州、臺州和(he)(he)麗水等(deng)37個城(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)(de)(de)達標(biao)(biao)(biao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)在50%～80%之間，鄭州、保定和(he)(he)衡(heng)水等(deng)23個城(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)(de)(de)達標(biao)(biao)(biao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)不足50%。與上年同(tong)期相比(bi)(bi)，74個城(cheng)(cheng)市平(ping)均達標(biao)(biao)(biao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)由53.1%上升為(wei)(wei)(wei)59.7%，升高(gao)6.6個百(bai)分(fen)點;京津冀、長三角和(he)(he)珠三角區(qu)域空氣質量均有所好轉。空氣質量相對較(jiao)差的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)10位城(cheng)(cheng)市分(fen)別是保定、邢臺、石(shi)家莊(zhuang)、鄭州、衡(heng)水、邯鄲、沈陽、唐山、濟南和(he)(he)哈爾濱;空氣質量相對較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)10位城(cheng)(cheng)市分(fen)別是海口(kou)、拉薩、惠州、舟山、廈(sha)門、昆(kun)明(ming)、深圳(zhen)、福州、珠海和(he)(he)中山。

　　京津冀區域(yu)13個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)空(kong)氣質(zhi)(zhi)量達標(biao)天(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)比(bi)例(li)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)38.2%，低于74個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)達標(biao)天(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)比(bi)例(li)21.5個(ge)百分點;平(ping)(ping)均(jun)超標(biao)天(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)比(bi)例(li)為(wei)61.8%，其(qi)中(zhong)重度(du)污(wu)染天(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)比(bi)例(li)為(wei)12.7%，嚴(yan)重污(wu)染天(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)比(bi)例(li)為(wei)4.0%，重度(du)及以上污(wu)染天(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)比(bi)例(li)高(gao)于74個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)9.1個(ge)百分點。與上年同(tong)期(qi)相比(bi)，京津冀區域(yu)13個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)達標(biao)天(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)比(bi)例(li)升(sheng)高(gao)7.6個(ge)百分點，空(kong)氣質(zhi)(zhi)量有所(suo)改善。北京市(shi)(shi)第一(yi)季(ji)度(du)達標(biao)天(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)比(bi)例(li)為(wei)44.4%，出現11天(tian)(tian)重度(du)污(wu)染，2天(tian)(tian)嚴(yan)重污(wu)染。

　　長(chang)三(san)角區域25個(ge)城(cheng)市空氣(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)達標(biao)(biao)(biao)天(tian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)平均(jun)為62.5%，高于(yu)74個(ge)城(cheng)市平均(jun)達標(biao)(biao)(biao)天(tian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)2.8個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian);平均(jun)超標(biao)(biao)(biao)天(tian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)為37.5%，其中重(zhong)度污染天(tian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)為5.0%，嚴重(zhong)污染天(tian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)為0.2%，重(zhong)度及以上污染天(tian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)低于(yu)74個(ge)城(cheng)市2.4個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)。與(yu)上年同期相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)，長(chang)三(san)角區域25個(ge)城(cheng)市平均(jun)達標(biao)(biao)(biao)天(tian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)升(sheng)高4.3個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)點(dian)，空氣(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)有(you)所好(hao)轉。

　　珠(zhu)(zhu)三角(jiao)區域9個(ge)城(cheng)市(shi)空(kong)氣質(zhi)量達(da)(da)(da)標天(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)比(bi)例平(ping)均為(wei)84.9%，高(gao)于74個(ge)城(cheng)市(shi)平(ping)均達(da)(da)(da)標天(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)比(bi)例25.2個(ge)百(bai)分(fen)點(dian);平(ping)均超(chao)標天(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)比(bi)例為(wei)15.1%，未出現重度(du)及以(yi)上(shang)污染。與上(shang)年同期(qi)相比(bi)，珠(zhu)(zhu)三角(jiao)區域9個(ge)城(cheng)市(shi)平(ping)均達(da)(da)(da)標天(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)(shu)比(bi)例升高(gao)8.9個(ge)百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)，空(kong)氣質(zhi)量有所改善。