4月16日(ri)國務院發(fa)布了《水(shui)(shui)污(wu)染防治(zhi)(zhi)行動計劃(hua)》，農(nong)村(cun)(cun)水(shui)(shui)污(wu)染防治(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)其中的(de)(de)重(zhong)要內容。中國社會(hui)科學(xue)院農(nong)村(cun)(cun)發(fa)展研(yan)究所研(yan)究員李(li)國祥指出(chu)，農(nong)村(cun)(cun)水(shui)(shui)污(wu)染不(bu)僅直接危害(hai)農(nong)民(min)生(sheng)產生(sheng)活，而(er)且(qie)還影響(xiang)農(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)可(ke)持續發(fa)展，進(jin)而(er)加(jia)劇國家糧食安全(quan)風(feng)險隱(yin)患和食品安全(quan)風(feng)險隱(yin)患，關系(xi)到我們每個人。“防治(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)水(shui)(shui)污(wu)染，既是(shi)建設美麗鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)迫切需要，更是(shi)提升城鄉(xiang)居(ju)民(min)生(sheng)活質量的(de)(de)重(zhong)要保(bao)障。”

　　李國祥指出，農村(cun)水(shui)(shui)污染源頭呈現(xian)出多樣化態勢。“我國農村(cun)曾經普(pu)遍是水(shui)(shui)美魚(yu)肥(fei)的(de)(de)地方(fang)，無(wu)論是河里，還是池(chi)塘里，都能捕到魚(yu)，甚至一(yi)些地方(fang)農村(cun)池(chi)塘的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)或者井水(shui)(shui)，飲用(yong)后還讓人有甘甜的(de)(de)回(hui)味。如今(jin)我們(men)到農村(cun)去調查，再見(jian)到水(shui)(shui)美魚(yu)肥(fei)的(de)(de)地方(fang)已(yi)經很(hen)難了，一(yi)些地方(fang)的(de)(de)地表水(shui)(shui)又黑又臭，魚(yu)兒不見(jian)了蹤(zong)影，根本不能供人直接飲用(yong)，農村(cun)水(shui)(shui)體(ti)已(yi)經污染很(hen)嚴重了。”

　　農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村水污(wu)(wu)染(ran)為什么會如此嚴重?李國祥認為，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)面(mian)源污(wu)(wu)染(ran)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村水污(wu)(wu)染(ran)的“罪魁禍首”。所謂農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)面(mian)源污(wu)(wu)染(ran)，就是(shi)濫用農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)化學投(tou)入物(wu)和(he)不當處(chu)置農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)副產品等(deng)所造(zao)成的對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村資源和(he)環境污(wu)(wu)染(ran)，包括對土壤、水體(ti)和(he)空(kong)氣等(deng)的污(wu)(wu)染(ran)。但(dan)就水體(ti)來說，現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)牧(mu)業(ye)生(sheng)產中濫用化肥、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥和(he)獸藥，隨(sui)意處(chu)置農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)秸(jie)稈和(he)畜禽(qin)排(pai)泄物(wu)，都可能(neng)是(shi)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)源。

　　“我(wo)們(men)經常說中國用(yong)不足世界10%的(de)耕地(di)養活了超(chao)過世界20%的(de)人口(kou)。這話不錯(cuo)，我(wo)國農業(ye)發展確(que)實讓我(wo)們(men)徹底(di)告別了農產品短缺時代，我(wo)們(men)不再為缺衣少食而犯愁。但我(wo)們(men)也(ye)必須清醒(xing)認識(shi)到我(wo)國農業(ye)施用(yong)的(de)化肥量(liang)(liang)超(chao)過世界30%。”李(li)國祥說，農業(ye)上施用(yong)的(de)大量(liang)(liang)化肥，一部分讓植(zhi)物吸(xi)(xi)收后變(bian)成了莊(zhuang)稼的(de)營養，但還有(you)一部分沒有(you)被吸(xi)(xi)收，通(tong)過雨(yu)水沖(chong)刷或(huo)者(zhe)其他流水等(deng)途徑滲透到地(di)下或(huo)者(zhe)融入到地(di)表水中，將水體(ti)污(wu)染(ran)。我(wo)國農藥(yao)、獸藥(yao)和魚藥(yao)等(deng)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)也(ye)相當(dang)多，雖(sui)然(ran)防治了病蟲害(hai)和動物疫病，但也(ye)與化肥有(you)相似的(de)污(wu)染(ran)水體(ti)隱患。

　　李國祥(xiang)指出，我國已經成為世(shi)界(jie)上多數農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品生產(chan)的(de)(de)第(di)一大(da)國，不(bu)僅農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)化學投入(ru)物種類多數量大(da)，而且農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物秸(jie)稈(gan)(gan)和(he)動物糞(fen)便(bian)規(gui)模(mo)也(ye)很龐大(da)，不(bu)好(hao)處理。過去(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)通常會(hui)將(jiang)秸(jie)稈(gan)(gan)作(zuo)為生活(huo)燃料，而如今農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)也(ye)用(yong)上電(dian)力(li)和(he)液化氣等清潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)。每當到農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物收獲季節，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)如果(guo)無法將(jiang)秸(jie)稈(gan)(gan)資源(yuan)化利用(yong)時就會(hui)一燒了之(zhi)，或者隨意直接(jie)丟棄到附近的(de)(de)水(shui)體中(zhong)，或者堆放在路旁最終腐(fu)爛經流水(shui)進入(ru)水(shui)體中(zhong)。過去(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)養殖畜(chu)禽，會(hui)將(jiang)它們的(de)(de)糞(fen)便(bian)作(zuo)為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)家肥加以利用(yong)，而如今農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)養殖規(gui)模(mo)很大(da)，是專業(ye)化養殖，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)不(bu)再(zai)需要(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)家肥，就直接(jie)將(jiang)畜(chu)禽糞(fen)便(bian)排入(ru)水(shui)體中(zhong)，或者隨意堆放也(ye)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)經流水(shui)進入(ru)水(shui)體中(zhong)。秸(jie)稈(gan)(gan)和(he)糞(fen)便(bian)都可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)成為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)水(shui)體污(wu)染源(yuan)，是造(zao)成農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)地表水(shui)又(you)黑又(you)臭的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)根源(yuan)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)水(shui)污(wu)染的(de)(de)來源(yuan)還可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)是農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)將(jiang)病(bing)死的(de)(de)動物隨意扔進水(shui)體中(zhong)形成的(de)(de)腐(fu)爛。

　　“當然，農(nong)(nong)村工業(ye)化和農(nong)(nong)民生(sheng)活(huo)也(ye)是不(bu)可忽視的農(nong)(nong)村水(shui)污染來源。”李國祥說，農(nong)(nong)村水(shui)污染，惡化了農(nong)(nong)村環境，破(po)壞(huai)了農(nong)(nong)村生(sheng)態，直(zhi)接(jie)危(wei)害農(nong)(nong)民生(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)水(shui)安全和農(nong)(nong)業(ye)用(yong)水(shui)安全。防治農(nong)(nong)村水(shui)污染刻不(bu)容緩。