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分享|實驗室質控圖的秘密,你真的懂嗎?

2024-10-17 作者: 瀏覽(lan)數:218
1
質控圖繪制后只有滿足了以下兩個條件方可用于日常質控

(1)上、下(xia)控制界線必(bi)須小于臨床允(yun)許誤差。目(mu)前臨床允(yun)許誤差尚無統(tong)一規定,暫可(ke)參照室間(jian)室評 CCV 值(zhi)(VIS 方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an))或(huo)臨床可(ke)接受的誤差(PT 方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an))。 

(2)120 次質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)值的(de)(de)分(fen)布,按 Westgard 多規則判斷,應無「失(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)」現象。符合這(zhe)兩個(ge)條(tiao)件,此質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)圖(tu)(tu)從「分(fen)析用質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)圖(tu)(tu)」轉化為「管理用質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)圖(tu)(tu)」,方(fang)可(ke)用于(yu)檢(jian)測過(guo)程(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)。如不(bu)滿足(zu)這(zhe)兩個(ge)條(tiao)件,已(yi)經(jing)說明(ming)檢(jian)測過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)不(bu)穩定或(huo)檢(jian)測條(tiao)件不(bu)能滿足(zu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)要(yao)求,這(zhe)種情況下繪制的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)圖(tu)(tu)難(nan)以保(bao)證質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)。這(zhe)一點往往被忽視,20 次測定后繪制的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)圖(tu)(tu)不(bu)加分(fen)析,就用于(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)是經(jing)常(chang)見(jian)到的(de)(de)。

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2

不要簡單(dan)的(de)用生產廠家提供的(de)均值和標準差(cha)繪制本實驗(yan)室的(de)質控圖

一方(fang)面本實驗室檢測(ce)(ce)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)與生(sheng)產(chan)廠家不可能完全一致,而(er)且生(sheng)產(chan)廠家提(ti)供的(de)(de)數(shu)據很可能是(shi)(shi)(shi)多個(ge)實驗室測(ce)(ce)定數(shu)據綜合而(er)來的(de)(de)。用不同檢測(ce)(ce)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下取(qu)得的(de)(de)數(shu)據作為(wei)本實驗室質(zhi)控(kong)圖是(shi)(shi)(shi)不妥(tuo)的(de)(de),正確的(de)(de)做法應取(qu)自本實驗室的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)定值來繪(hui)制質(zhi)控(kong)圖。還必(bi)須指出一點,生(sheng)產(chan)廠家提(ti)供的(de)(de)「范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)」是(shi)(shi)(shi)單次(ci)質(zhi)控(kong)值分(fen)布(bu)的(de)(de)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei),而(er)非均(jun)值的(de)(de)分(fen)布(bu)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei),均(jun)值的(de)(de)離散(san)度是(shi)(shi)(shi) Sx 而(er)非 S。有人以為(wei)只要落在(zai)廠家提(ti)供的(de)(de)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)內(nei),質(zhi)控(kong)結果就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可靠的(de)(de),這是(shi)(shi)(shi)把問(wen)題簡單化(hua)了,不僅應考察單次(ci)測(ce)(ce)定值的(de)(de)分(fen)布(bu),還要看均(jun)值的(de)(de)偏倚(yi)。

3

質控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)品的選擇一般來說,如為了控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制精密度,不一定(ding)選用定(ding)值質控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)品,用非定(ding)值質控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)品即可,但如果(guo)考(kao)慮到實驗室間結果(guo)的可比(bi)性,則可采(cai)用定(ding)值質控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)品。

質控(kong)品(pin)的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇應(ying)考慮其(qi)基質、定(ding)值(zhi)方法、瓶間差、批間差及(ji)被測成分穩定(ding)性(xing)等指標(biao),還應(ying)考慮在(zai)不同檢測系統上定(ding)值(zhi)的(de)(de)不同。至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)質控(kong)品(pin)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇,現主(zhu)張選(xuan)用高、中、低(di)值(zhi)三個濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du),至(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)(shao)用兩個濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du),其(qi)原因上面已經涉(she)及(ji)。另外在(zai)一(yi)些定(ding)性(xing)試驗中,至(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)(shao)有一(yi)個質控(kong)品(pin)的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)在(zai)臨界(jie)值(zhi)附近,這(zhe)樣可監(jian)控(kong)其(qi)敏(min)感度(du)(du)的(de)(de)改(gai)變,如僅用高濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)質控(kong)品(pin),則很(hen)難達到這(zhe)個目的(de)(de)。

4

質控品及試劑(ji)盒(he)批號更(geng)改(gai)后(hou)質控圖要不要重新(xin)繪制?

首先質(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)品(pin)及(ji)試(shi)劑(ji)(ji)盒(he)不要頻繁更換,更不要輕易更換生產廠(chang)家。當(dang)使(shi)用新的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)品(pin)或試(shi)劑(ji)(ji)盒(he)時,一般于(yu)使(shi)用前一周,和(he)原有的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)品(pin)或試(shi)劑(ji)(ji)盒(he)同時檢測(ce),在(zai)原來(lai)質(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)圖(tu)(tu)上進(jin)行(xing)觀察。如(ru)仍(reng)在(zai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制狀(zhuang)態(tai),不必另繪制質(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)圖(tu)(tu);如(ru)測(ce)定均(jun)值及(ji)標準差(cha)有較(jiao)大(da)改(gai)變(bian),應尋(xun)找原因,如(ru)該(gai)質(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)品(pin)或試(shi)劑(ji)(ji)盒(he)的(de)測(ce)定值經校正仍(reng)可(ke)得到滿意(yi)結(jie)果,則可(ke)考(kao)慮仍(reng)用原質(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)圖(tu)(tu)(質(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)值需校正),但必須說明情況并有記錄。

5

在開機調試時(shi)作一次質控(kong)如未失(shi)控(kong),檢(jian)測標本時(shi)是否可以不作質控(kong)了?

這(zhe)是不妥的。因為(wei)檢測(ce)過(guo)程還(huan)可(ke)能出現一些檢測(ce)條件的變化,因此還(huan)需要進行質控,不可(ke)省略。同理(li),有時工(gong)作(zuo)量大,一天作(zuo)幾批檢測(ce),每批都應該作(zuo)質控。


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